FNAC (Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology) test is a diagnostic procedure that involves using a thin needle to collect a sample of cells from a lump, mass, or lesion. The cells are then examined under a microscope to determine their characteristics and diagnose various conditions.
Here’s what you need to know about FNAC:
Procedure:
1. The area is cleaned and numbed with local anesthesia (if needed).
2. A thin needle (usually 22-25 gauge) is inserted into the lump or mass.
3. Cells are aspirated (sucked out) into the needle.
4. The needle is removed, and the cells are placed on a glass slide.
5. The slide is stained and examined under a microscope.
Uses:
1. Diagnose cancer (e.g., breast, thyroid, lymph nodes)
2. Identify infections (e.g., abscesses, tuberculosis)
3. Detect inflammatory conditions (e.g., thyroiditis)
4. Monitor treatment response
Advantages:
1. Quick and relatively painless
2. Minimally invasive
3. Low risk of complications
4. Can be performed in a doctor’s office
Limitations:
1. May not provide a definitive diagnosis (requires further testing)
2. False negatives can occur (cancer cells may not be sampled)
3. Requires expertise in cytology for accurate interpretation
Preparation:
1. No special preparation is needed
2. Inform your doctor about any medications or allergies
3. Wear loose, comfortable clothing
Results:
1. Usually available within a few days
2. May require additional testing (e.g., biopsy, imaging) for confirmation
Remember, FNAC is a diagnostic tool, and results should be discussed with your doctor to determine the next steps.